Distributed Adaptive Leaderless Consensus Control of Wind Farm for Fast Frequency Support

The frequency support capability of each wind turbine (WT) within a wind farm varies based on factors such as location, wind direction, operating conditions, and wake effect. To fully utilize the frequency support capability of a wind farm, output power should be allocated to each WT based on its individual states. This article proposes a distributed adaptive leaderless consensus control (DALC) scheme for wind farms to achieve fast frequency support. The leaderless consensus algorithm is utilized among WTs to exchange operating information with neighbors and ensure reasonable power allocation. Additionally, frequency regulation coefficients adaptively change to ensure safe WT operation. After the frequency support stage, a preset recovery control is proposed to alleviate the second frequency drop (SFD) during the restoration stage. Case studies are conducted based on a two-area power system using MATLAB/Simulink and opal-RT real-time simulation platforms. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of the proposed DALC control scheme in both over-frequency and under-frequency events. Furthermore, the proposed control is found to be more reliable than leader-follower consensus-based control in the event of communication failure.