Low-Carbon System Transition Considering Collaborative Emission Reduction on Supply-Demand Side

As a primary contributor to carbon emissions, the power system has garnered considerable societal attention for its decarbonization. The traditional methods of reducing emissions from the power system focus on the power generation side. However, recent research underscores that not only the supply side but also the demand side should be accountable for reducing emissions, given that demand fundamentally drives carbon emissions. This paper proposes a two-stage integrated framework for system decarbonization, emphasizing combined emission mitigation from both demand and supply sides. For the generation side, retrofitting coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology can effectively reduce system emissions. The captured gas can also be converted into natural gas using power-to-gas (P2G) equipment, further improving the utilization of CCUS. On the demand side, a modified carbon emission flow model based on CCUS is proposed to capture the impact of the demand side on carbon reduction. Large industrial loads can effectively reduce system emissions without affecting their production progress through real-time carbon response. The proposed method has been validated on the IEEE 24-bus electricity system, confirming the effectiveness of model.