A Planning Model for Optimal Capacity and Location of Energy Storage for Grid Inertial Support in Presence of Renewable Energy

Due to the concerns over the environment and the limitations of natural resources, the penetration of renewable energy resources (RESs) is expected to increase dramatically in the upcoming years. Although the advantages of RESs are favorable to the environment, RESs have low or no rotational kinetic energy, which results in minimizing the total inertial of the power grid. As a consequence, the grid’s stability is decreased, causing the frequency to fluctuate in response to a small change in load or any disturbance. Hence, in this work, the energy storage system (ESS) is utilized to mitigate this stability issue of high penetration of RESs, as the ESS can provide virtual inertia to the grid due to its fast response. The main motivation is to find the optimal capacity and location of ESS to maintain the stability and minimum inertia requirements of the grid at the optimal minimum cost. Moreover, the power grid constraints are also considered to maintain the voltage, angle, and line capacity limits. The developed model is evaluated and tested on the NEW England IEEE 39-bus system, and the obtained results are discussed and analyzed.