Optimizing Battery Energy Storage and Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Commercial Buildings in Malaysia: A Case Study

In this study, a combination of a battery energy storage (BES) and a solar photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed to reduce peak demand and energy costs in a commercial building in Malaysia. The sizing of the BES and PV systems is found optimally by considering the net present cost of both systems and energy cost over a 20-year lifespan. Data on solar irradiance, ambient temperature, load patterns, Malaysian power rates, and grid export limitations are used to determine the optimal sizes of the BES and PV systems. The case study indicates that optimal BES and PV systems reduce the energy cost by 17.81% and decrease annual energy consumption by 19.57% and peak demand by 11.72%. 11,449 kWh of energy is exported to the grid. The study provides a general method for commercial building owners in Malaysia to find the BES and PV system sizes optimally. The results are validated and tested using MATLAB.