Enhancement of Energy Storage System and HVDC Transmission for Optimal Handling of Duck Curve in High Solar PV Integrated Networks

High PV penetration affects grid reliability and increases uncertainty. This results in the net load having fast ramping requirements. In this paper, the fast ramping requirements of the duck are met by improving the flexibility of the grid. This is achieved with the utilization of battery energy storage system (BESS) and HVDC/HVAC transmission switching (TS). The BESS charges during the net load ramp down, that is, during periods of excess power production, and discharges during periods of net load ramp up. The TS controls the power flow through the HVDC/HVAC transmission lines. An optimal unit commitment is formulated for scheduling the generating units, BESS, and TS of the HVDC/HVAC for handling the duck curve fast ramps while maintaining minimal cost. The model is developed as a mixed integer linear programming problem. The proposed framework is tested and validated on IEEE 24-bus RTS system.