Reducing Energy Costs in Residential Systems with Solar Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicles Using Heuristic Dispatch Based on Price Signals

The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems offers a promising and sustainable solution to address the increasing energy demand, environmental pollution, and carbon emissions in the residential buildings and transportation sector. The growing energy demand leads to rising energy prices, voltage and frequency deviations, and power fluctuations in electric grids during certain times of the day. To combat climate change, global carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions must be eliminated by 2050. This research aims to study the implementation of the "PV+EV" system on a residential scale in Sydney, Australia. The study explores the effectiveness of incorporating bi-directional capable batteries on wheels alongside rooftop PV systems, as compared to standalone PV installations or using EVs solely as electric loads. A heuristic dispatch algorithm based on manual dispatch and peak shaving is tested using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software tool. The results show a significant reduction in annual electricity bills. This research underscores the potential benefits of the "PV+EV" system in contributing to energy efficiency, cost reduction, and environmental sustainability in the context of residential energy consumption.