A Comparative Analysis of Power Smoothing Metrics: Unveiling Limitations Through Observational Data

Algorithms such as Moving Average and Ramp Rate have been widely used in reference generation for Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in the context of power smoothing techniques. In these applications, the excessive power variations, typically caused by the intermittency of renewable energy sources (RESs), can lead to frequency and voltage fluctuations that may ultimately jeopardize the stability and reliability of the electrical system. In this scenario, this paper analyzes typical metrics used for evaluating power smoothing techniques and evaluates their limitations. Photovoltaic generation data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is used to validate the comparison. The results highlight the need to develop new metrics for a more equitable evaluation of smoothing techniques.