Multi-objective Optimal Charging Strategy for Lithium-ion Battery based on Model Predictive Control and Li plating Detection

Typical charging methods of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are challenged with the balance between charging speed and detrimental side reactions. In this work, a unique multi-objective optimized charging method based on model predictive control (MPC) and lithium plating detection is addressed to handle the above concerns. A new thermal-coupled decomposed electrode model (DEM) is constructed by introducing a reference electrode to precisely predict the cell anode potential. The model is then integrated into the optimal control framework through the whole battery life cycle. The developed charging strategy enables (a) the online MPC charging control, (b) the Li plating detection, and (c) the model parameter updates to execute the superior applied current profile which significantly reduces the charging time with minimal battery degradation. Simulation results of the developed charge control algorithm under various maximum Crates and ambient temperatures are also discussed. Parameters of the DEM are renewed once Li plating is observed, assuring the priority of the current profile through the whole battery life.