A Systematic Review of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia: Insights and Directions

The importance of entrepreneurship education in TVET is emphasized to enhance graduates' employability, entrepreneurial skills, and sustainable economic development. However, entrepreneurship education has not yet had a very positive effect on the number of capable independent entrepreneurs. This weakness was identified by the institution's absence of an education system and several ignored aspects. A systematic review used to pinpoint the main research themes, topics, and methodologies employed in the literature, gaps, challenges, and opportunities for future research and practice in Malaysian TVET entrepreneurship education. Based on literature, authors raised three research questions which provide the insight and direction of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia. It is suggested that the development of comprehensive TVET entrepreneurship curriculum should consider the integration of potential fields and human behavior theories.