Challenges and Effects of High Penetration of Variable Renewable Energy Resources: Insights for the Bulgarian Power Market

This article examines the challenges and effects of integrating high levels of variable renewable energy (VRE) into conventional power systems, with a specific focus on the Bulgarian power system and market. It discusses the challenges faced by network operators in managing VRE variability and uncertainty, ensuring grid stability, and maintaining supply-demand balance. Additionally, the article explores the impacts of high VRE penetration on power markets, including electricity prices and market design. Drawing from experiences in regions with mature RES markets, the article summarizes similarities and suggests best practices for countries in the early stage of RES development, such as Bulgaria. The insights presented can inform policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders in effectively addressing the challenges of renewable energy integration.