A miniaturized UWB monopole antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications

This article describes a miniaturized, ultra-wideband monopole antenna with dimensions of 23.00 x 20.00 x 1.60 mm
³
(0.23λ
0
x 0.23λ
0
x 0.016λ
0
) designed for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications. The suggested layout is compatible with sub-6 GHz 5G, including satellite X-band (7.5-8.5 GHz), ITU n77 (3.3-4.2 GHz), and n79 (4.4-5 GHz) bands, 502.11a WLAN (5.15 - 5.85 GHz), and WiMAX bands (3.5/5.5 GHz). The suggested structure uses a fusion shape of rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal slits on the ground plane and isosceles triangle, octagonal slot on the metal patch to improve the radiation characteristics and impedance bandwidth. The addition of rectangular slits which are incorporated into the bottom plane just below the microstrip line and trapezoidal-shaped slots shifts the lower cut-off frequency towards the left, while the octagon-shaped slot and the isosceles triangular slit on the radiating patch shift the higher cut-off frequency towards the right. The suggested structure operates over the range from 3.10 to 18.87GHz, having an equivalent fractional bandwidth of 143.56% and a peak gain of around 5.37 dBi. The antenna has a radiation efficiency of 80.00% and displays a decent S
11
≤-10 dB throughout the bandwidth. Results from measurement and simulation are good in agreement.