An Efficient Quantum cryptanalysis of lightweight hash function - PHOTON-Beetle

Quantum cryptanalysis methods are used to crack the majority of symmetric key ciphers. With this knowledge, cryptologists should be able to create post-quantum symmetric ciphers by incorporating these new quantum cryptanalysis techniques into their toolkit. Secure communication is crucial for applications related to the Internet of Things (IoT) to avoid cyberattacks. Cryptographic hash functions can be used to protect data integrity. The development of large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers is the most significant challenge. Recent techniques to attack symmetric key schemes can be achieved by using the Pre-image attack method, Simon’s algorithm, or by combining Simon’s and Grover’s algorithms. In this study, we explored some of the most recent methods for quantum cryptanalysis of symmetric key ciphers. Firstly, we discussed the design of quantum cryptanalysis methods, along with the advantages over classical procedures. In this paper, we illustrate the implementation of the NIST-standard lightweight hash function PHOTON-Beetle on a Quantum Computer (using IBM Qiskit), which is mostly used in IoT devices. Efficient quantum implementation of PHOTON-Beetle is proposed in this paper. This paper calculates the quantum cost of PHOTON-Beetle for every layer and compares it with [1].