Application of a Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm Optimized Tilted Integral Double Derivative Controller for a Multi-Area Thermal Power System

The aim of this article is to address the automatic generation control (AGC) of a multi-area thermal power system. For the first time, a novel Tilted Integral Derivative-Double Derivative (TIDD
²
) controller has been utilized for multi-area AGC system as a secondary controller. The Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA) is utilized to optimize the controller gains and other system parameters. Evaluation and comparison of system dynamic with PID, TID, and TIDD
²
controllers have been demonstrating that in an unequal three-area thermal system, the TIDD
²
controller offers greater dynamic performance than the compared controllers. The integration of solar thermal power (STP) plant and Super Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) on system dynamic are also evaluated. The comparative analysis revealed that integration of STP and SMES improves system dynamics. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to check the resilience of proposed controller at different step load perturbation.