A Rule-Based Energy Management Algorithm for a Fuel Cell/Battery All-Wheel Drive Vehicle

An Energy Management Algorithm (EMA) for an All-Wheel Drive (AWD) vehicle is presented in this paper. It consists of a torque vectoring algorithm and a rule-based energy management system for a three-motor fuel cell/battery hybrid road vehicle, which have been developed based on system modelling, operating constraints, and optimisation problem formulation given by the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicle Challenge 2023 (MVC2023). Particularly, the proposed EMA aims at minimising a given cost function, with particular reference to motor and battery losses to extend vehicle driving range at the maximum extent. The proposed EMA is validated through numeric simulations in MATLAB-Simulink, scoring better performances compared to the base EMA provided by the MVC2023.