Energy Management and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

Fuel cell hybrid vehicles combine the advantages of high energy density of fuel cells and higher power density of batteries. However, to efficiently manage the power sharing between the two sources, an energy management control strategy (EMS) is essential. In this contribution, an EMS along with a multi-objective optimization (MOO) is proposed for a fuel cell battery hybrid with three objectives: fuel consumption, battery energy, and drivability. The energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) is used for powertrain model and control organization that is used for development of the EMS. The main idea is to dynamically and optimally vary the power split between the fuel cell and battery by using a dynamic saturation and rate limitation. Moreover, MOO is used to optimize the boundaries offline with certain weights between the objectives. In this contribution, an influence of variation of operation boundaries on the optimization objectives is analyzed with the EUDC driving cycle. It is observed that when the fuel cell limit is reduced, the battery energy consumption increases whereas the fuel consumption reduces, while the opposite occurs when battery limit is reduced.