Optimal Shifting Command Control for Two-Speed Transmission Electric Vehicle

A gear-shifting concept for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is proposed, using dynamic programming to enhance energy efficiency. It optimizes the shifting trajectory while considering shifting actuator loss. Performance evaluation results indicate a 1.79
^%
energy efficiency improvement over the one-speed BEV and a 13.8% reduction in shifting frequency compared to the pre-defined shifting map. Additionally, the concept aids engineers in designing actuator loss-inclusive control strategies without calibration.