A Bi-Level Scheduling Strategy for EV Aggregator based on a Dynamic Pricing Mechanism under the Contract Service Mode

With the new round of power system reform in China, electric vehicles (EVs) have entered the power grid on a large scale. It has become a key issue to explore the potential for demand response (DR), in which the electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) plays an important role. In order to further establish an EVA service mode considering the individual needs and decision preferences of EV users, under which the balance of interests between EVA and EV can be realized, this paper puts forward an EVA contract service mode as well as a bi-level charging and discharging scheduling strategy based on dynamic pricing mechanism. The contract service mode includes contracts that match needs for different types of EVs: reservation contract, real-time contract and EV-emergency-transaction contract, which are different in scheduling authority, reservation demand and contract price. A charging-right trading strategy is designed to realize the benefit transfer between EVs. The dynamic pricing mechanism is regarded as the link of the guidance-response relationship of EVA-EV. In this paper, the game theory method is used to solve the joint optimal scheduling strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can successfully balance the interests of EVA and EV and effectively realize the power peak-load shifting of EVA. While meeting the personalized needs of EV users, it improves the flexibility, regularity and stability of EVA scheduling.