Large-Scale Deterministic Networks: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Case Study, and Future Directions

Driven by the continuous growth of network demands, Large-scale Deterministic Network (LDN) has been proposed to deliver deterministic services with improved latency and jitter, zero packet loss, configurable bandwidth, and high reliability across a broad geographical area. LDN serves as a bridge for businesses to connect and share information across different sectors with high-quality and customized network services. However, the conveyance of massive flows with stringent demands in a large topology poses technical challenges to LDN architecture, scheduling mechanisms, and operation methodologies. To shed light on the possible avenues for these issues, this article provides a comprehensive survey of LDN architecture and enabling technologies. The study begins with an overview of typical LDN architectures, including definitions, standards, and mechanisms, followed by an examination of the key technologies that support the LDN’s performance characteristics and implementation processes. Additionally, a case study of LDN scheduling is presented illustrating its application in heavy-traffic scenarios. Finally, this article outlines the open challenges and future directions in this field, highlighting areas of potential growth and development.