Energy Storage Sizing for IES Considering Carbon Trading and Demand Response

An optimal energy storage sizing method for integrated energy system (IES) considering carbon trading and demand response is presented in this paper. Firstly, to effectively limit carbon emissions, a reward-penalty laddered carbon trading model is designed to convert carbon emissions into system costs or revenues. Secondly, the integrated demand response (IDR) model for electrical-cold-heat loads is established based on time-of-use price to enhance the operational flexibility and economy. Then, based on these two sub-models, an optimal energy storage sizing model is built to minimize the total life cycle cost including investment, operation and carbon trading cost. Finally, the simulation results indicate that a successful balance between low-carbon and economy can be achieved by the proposed method.