Augmented Selection of Cluster Heads and Enlightening Network Lifetime in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)

The Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a collection of sensor nodes deployed beneath the seabed to monitor and record challenging applications in offshore exploration and oceanic environments. In order to ensure proper energy consumption in a dynamic environment, the effective forwarding of data packets through efficient paths is crucial. Routing, therefore, plays a significant role in reducing power consumption by making informed decisions on packet destinations. In this study, we propose and analyze an efficient routing technique for underwater wireless sensor networks based on Grey-Wolf Optimization. The proposed technique is evaluated under various conditions, and the experimental results demonstrate a reduced number of iterations for selecting a cluster head, leading to a longer network lifetime compared to existing protocols such as Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EERP) and Directional Flooding based Routing (DFR).