Reliable Detection of Hydrogen Leaks during Its Transportation Based on Distributed Sensor IIoT Network Data

This paper proposes a system designed to detect hydrogen leaks from a pipe system. The system is characterized by a “light” architecture and is installed on the pipeline according to the principle: attach the IIot-sensor to the pipe surface and forget about it. This means that the IIoT-sensor itself “integrates” into the monitoring system, communicates with adjacent IIoT-sensors, initializes a self-test procedure and starts to operate. The IIoT-sensors do not re-quire any external power supply and can function autonomously for several years. Communication between IIoT-sensors is organized on the mesh-network principle, the transmission protocol (LoRa based) is such that data are transferred directly from IIoT-sensor to sensor without the use of base stations. The algorithmic part of the system implements a new two-stage leak detection method, which provides high reliability of detection of the target event with low probability of false alarms. No information about the probability of noise and signal distribution is used. The a priori information about signals and noise, - is minimal. The algorithms are very simple to implement and work efficiently in real time with minimal computing power requirements.