Single- and Multiuser Virtual Reality Training for Forklift Driving

Hands-on skills training is a constant requirement in a multitude of practical work settings and virtual reality (VR) is often found to be a valuable training opportunity to safely prepare students for their future work environments. One of the main benefits of utilizing VR-based training is providing high grades of presence and involvement. Although the user experiences of students are a key factor that impacts the use of a VR simulation, it becomes more challenging to decide whether single- or multi-user experiences should be planned and developed. This paper presents the results from a between-subjects case study comparing the user experiences of single- and multi-user VR training for forklift driving. Findings highlight the importance of considering various aspects of VR technology to design VR training environments for high user experiences, including the impact of age, group dynamics, and freedom of movement in the environment. The benefits and challenges of single- and multi-user VR training for high experiences and implications for utilizing serious games in VR-based training are discussed.