Optimization of Post-Disaster Emergency Supplies Distribution Path with Time Windows under Multiple Environmental Factors

The occurrence of natural disasters causes a certain degree of harm to national development and social stability, which requires a timely emergency response. To effectively improve the efficiency of post-disaster emergency material distribution and reduce casualties and economic losses, this paper first establishes a vehicle speed characteristic model according to different weather conditions, road damage conditions and traffic conditions. On this basis, an optimization model for vehicle distribution of emergency supplies with soft time windows is constructed to minimize the sum of the fixed costs of vehicle use, time costs and penalty costs of the time windows. Then, a hybrid ant colony optimization tabu search algorithm(HACOTS) is designed to solve the problem, according to the model’s characteristics. Finally, after various comparative analyses of instances and other algorithms. The experimental results show that the model takes into account a variety of environmental factors and the influence of soft time windows, and establishes a highly efficient vehicle path distribution scheme for emergency supplies. At the same time, the HACOTS proposed in this paper has the advantages of stability and fast convergence, and the algorithm’s effectiveness is verified, which can provide a scientific decision-making basis for the formulation of solutions to the post-disaster emergency material distribution path optimization problem.