Enhancing Urban Farming Through Smart Systems and Water Conservation: An IoT Based Approach

The rapid global population growth has caused a surge of people from rural areas to move to urban areas, resulting in increased demand for crop cultivation. As a result, many farmers have left rural areas in search of jobs and have settled in urban areas, leading to overpopulation in urban regions. To address this issue, there has been a shift in the approach used in urban farming. This involves smart farming techniques like hydroponics being used than traditional cultivation. Hydroponics is a soilless cultivation method that uses a vertical stack system, and automation is being used in yielding better crops. A survey and experimental study were conducted to determine the effectiveness of hydroponic farming in preserving water, enhancing crop yield, and reducing pesticide usage.