Digital Twin supporting Blockchain in construction supply chain: from bio-based materials to energy efficiency and L.C.A..

The increasing recognition of environmental issues and the demand for sustainable solutions within the construction industry lead to a focus on sustainable practices and alternatives in research, starting with the reduction of energy requirements in European urban parks. The implementation of methodologies for predicting and managing environmental impacts is vital. One such methodology is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which, related to energy simulations in buildings, characterises a more sustainable construction practice that surpasses the notion of a green building. To attain further enhancement, building material choices based on physical, mechanical and chemical properties should be thoroughly examined. Finally, monitoring building interventions is crucial for planning maintenance and tracking their current status in real-time.This investigation seeks to contextualise the function of construction materials, specifically bio-based plant fibre materials, in scientific research. Additionally, it scrutinises the potential and limitations of incorporating cutting-edge technologies (Blockchain, AI, IoT, BIM, GIS, sensors, mathematical models) in generating a Digital Twin that cohesively collates all this data while adhering to the seven Keys.The proposed Digital Twin model’s architectural framework will contribute to Smart Buildings in Smart Cities, where manufacturing companies, research bodies, and governmental institutions are committed to enhancing the quality of citizens’ lives. The model’s materials choice for energy efficiency is paramount.