A Socio-Ecological Antecedents Analysis of Collective Action in Contemporary China: A Four-Factor Predictive Model

Limited research has comprehensively explored the socio-ecological factors influencing collective action in China. Our research addresses this gap by conducting a macro-level analysis of this phenomenon. First, we compile an extensive repository of 2454 socio-ecological indicators from Chinese provinces. Then, we identify clusters of predictors demonstrating significant correlations. Subsequently, we employ rigorous factor analysis to distill a foundational four-factor structure. Notably, our findings emphasize the negative predictive relationship between Primary Industry (factor 3) and the occurrence of violent and disruptive collective action. In contrast, Living Condition (factor 4) positively predicts the occurrence of conventional collective action. Moreover, Modernization (factor 1) predicts both conventional forms and violent collective action.