Analysis of Active Cell Balancing Topologies with Electrical Cell Modeling Techniques

Battery or cell balancing techniques play a crucial role in the efficiency, longevity, and safety of electrical vehicles (EVs). These techniques are necessary to prevent overcharging and over discharging by ensuring a balance between connected cells. Various topologies exist for cell balancing, utilizing different combinations of switches and energy storage elements. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the equivalent electrical cell model and simulation of these topologies, including a detailed analysis of their energy flow. Furthermore, a comparison of all topologies is conducted based on simulation results, considering factors such as cost, implementation, balancing time, complexity, and efficiency. The aim is to identify the most optimal topology in terms of these criteria.