Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Electromagnetic Force Distribution of Magnet Based on Two Field Shaper Modules

Field shaper is a device that can effectively increase the magnetic field and electromagnetic force of the forming area during the electromagnetic forming technology. However, there is a seam in the conventional single field shaper structure to change the direction of the induced current, which causes uneven distribution of magnetic field and electromagnetic force in the circumferential direction. To improve the uniformity of magnetic field and electromagnetic force, a novel magnet structure with two field shaper modules is investigated in this article. Both numerical simulation and experimental methods are carried out. The influence of the relative angle between the two field shaper modules on the magnetic field, stress, and deformation at the seam, as well as the influence on the circumferential uniformity at different positions of the workpiece are studied. In this work, the deformation of the workpiece on different cross-sectional profiles were analyzed. The results show that the novel magnet structure can increase the magnetic field and electromagnetic force near the seams, and can be used to adjust and improve the circular deformation uniformity of the AA6061-O aluminum alloy tube. The best uniformity can be achieved when the relative angle is 180°.