Modulation Methods for Modular Multilevel Converters with Full-Bridge Submodules

Modulation methods for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) consisting of full-bridge (FB) submodules (SMs) are more complicated than their counterparts for an MMC consisting of half-bridge (HB) SMs. Although FB-SM MMC offers many benefits, the existing literature about the modulation methods is scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting the most relevant modulation methods for FB-SM MMCs and assessing them based on selected performance criteria, such as the quality of the output current, circulating current, and switching frequency.