Complex-Valued Projection Statistics for Hybrid Power System State Estimation

This paper develops a complex-valued Schweppe-type GM-estimator with the Huber cost function (known as SHGM estimator) that processes both phasor measurement units (PMUs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurements. It is based on the projection statistics (PS) implemented in the complex domain. It is shown that the PS algorithm applied to a real- or a complex-valued Jacobian matrix provides different numerical results and thereby, different set of leverage points. Consequently, both approaches lead to different state estimates. It is demonstrated through simulations carried out on various test systems that the proposed estimator is more reliable and robust than its real-valued counterpart.