Efficient Phase-Only Symmetric Pattern Synthesis for Linear and Circular Planar Arrays via Phase Perturbation in Low-Dimensional Space

This communication introduces a new approach to achieve symmetrical array patterns using only phase adjustments in a Chebyshev-phase framework, employing a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique known as PC-PSO. The initial phase setup, taken from the Catenary function, acts as the fundamental phase for adjusting phases. This helps in stopping the optimization process from getting stuck in local best solutions. Afterward, the phase adjustments are made in a lower-dimensional space using even-order Chebyshev polynomials, focusing on the coefficients of these polynomials for optimization. This method not only reduces the number of factors involved and speeds up the optimization but also achieves precise pattern shaping. To showcase its effectiveness, three examples involving linear and circular planar arrays were examined, confirming the advantages of this approach.