Effectiveness of Spraying F-500 Substance of Twin-Fluid Nozzle on Suppression for Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Fires

The use of lithium-ion batteries has rapidly increased especially in applications such as electric vehicles, data centers, and energy storage systems. Since this demand has risen due to the global attempt to reduce carbon emissions and it is important to diminish any drawbacks related to Lithium-ion batteries. One of the major challenges that lithium-ion batteries face is its potential to induce fire. Introducing a fire suppression system for lithium-ion batteries could be identified as a suitable option to overcome this obstacle. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of suppressing thermal runaway (TR) in Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) batteries at a 100% state of charge (SOC). A twin-fluid nozzle combining nitrogen gas and F-500 liquid substance was applied at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal axis. Tests were performed differentiating the nitrogen gas flow rate (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 CFM) for spray injection onto the battery surface at temperatures of 160, 165, 170, and 180 °C. Spray durations were selected as 5, 10, and 15 s. Results showed as the spray duration increases from 5 to 10 and 15 s, the suppression effectiveness improves 23.6%, 41.4%, and 68.6% respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the system achieved its highest suppression effectiveness, reaching 78.2%, when the battery surface temperature at the start of injection was at 160 °C.