Potential of Satellite-Airborne Sensing Technologies for Agriculture 4.0 and Climate-Resilient: A Review

Agriculture 4.0 offers the potential to revolutionize the agriculture sector through improved productivity and efficiency. However, adopting Agriculture 4.0 requires a period of transition and effort. Satellite-airborne sensing technologies may become an opening enabler technology of this new paradigm due to its fast deployment process and flexible infrastructure. This article provides an overview of the technology, trends, challenges, and opportunities in agriculture and climate-resilient sensing technologies. The research covers critical enabling technologies such as low-altitude platforms (LAPs) (i.e., drones and tethered balloons), high-altitude platforms (HAPs) (i.e., airships, HAPs balloons, and aircraft), and satellites, as well as recent advancements in data processing and digital twins (DT), with some examples from agricultural research projects. Furthermore, this article explores some challenges in agriculture and the technological deployment of satellite-airborne sensing technologies. Finally, this article provides some potential opportunities for satellite-airborne sensing technologies for agricultural purposes. This article may become a guide for adopting Industry 4.0 by leveraging satellite-airborne network technologies.