Analysis of Fruit Images With Deep Learning: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Directions

The application of Deep Learning models in fruit analysis has garnered significant attention due to its potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector and enhance crop monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research efforts in fruit analysis using Deep Learning techniques. The study delves into model selection, dataset characteristics, evaluation metrics, challenges, and future directions in this domain. Various model architectures, including classical Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and advanced detection models like R-CNN and YOLO, have been explored for tasks ranging from fruit classification to detection. Evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, and mean Average Precision (mAP) have been commonly used to assess model performance. Challenges, including data scarcity, labeling complexities, variations in fruit characteristics, and computational efficiency, have been identified and discussed. The paper also presents an overview of available datasets, encompassing both proprietary and publicly accessible sources. Future research directions involve exploring enhanced data augmentation, multi-modal integration, knowledge transfer across species, robustness in dynamic environments, improved computational efficiency, and practical integration of models into real-world agricultural systems. This review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to leverage Deep Learning for fruit analysis in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture and food production.