Application of residential prosumer flexibility for frequency control - analysis and simulative investigation considering control power and inertia

To achieve a climate-neutral system and enable the energy transition a significant portion of the provision of ancillary services in the power grid needs to change. One such service is frequency control, which is relevant for the permanent balance of power generation and consumption in a grid. This paper examines the potential of providing frequency control services by prosumer households with devices like photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles, including an analysis of the active power flexibility. An implementation of the flexibility and control power provision is provided, and simulative examinations are conducted. The findings reveal a distinctive pattern for the positive and negative flexibility of prosumer devices, alongside varied accessibility of flexibility on the residential level. This flexibility can be used to deliver control power in a meaningful way: More than 67% of the demand for an exemplary year can be covered, with significant technical potential in summer and during the day as well as for battery storage systems. Although prosumer devices cannot provide the full control power demand due to their characteristic profiles, households offer flexibility potential that may be valuable for frequency control.