Decentralized Multi-Objective Energy Management With Dynamic Power Electronic Converters and Demand Response Constraints

Energy management plays a pivotal role in enhancing the economic efficiency of power systems. However, it is noteworthy that a substantial number of microgrids (MGs) exhibit inherent unbalances that impose a range of critical issues, including voltage instability, elevated losses, power quality violations, safety concerns, and inefficiencies in energy management. Fast-acting power electronic converters present a relevant and efficacious solution for balancing such complex networks. This paper investigates the application of such converters within the realm of 3-phase unbalanced networks, wherein the proposed algorithm not only ameliorates network imbalances but also yields substantial reductions in operational costs, power losses, voltage deviations, and emissions. Demand response (DR) program has been applied to the model to enhance the system efficiency. The uncertainty about electric demand and renewable energy sources is considered in the simulation model for precise results. By implementing DR programs and penetrating distributed generators (DGs), the proposed model has been shown to reduce network losses and operation costs by 23% and 80%, respectively. Also, the total up-to-down voltage deviation of the voltage profile has been significantly reduced by 400%.