D2S2BoT: Dual-Dimension Spectral-Spatial Bottleneck Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification has become a popular research topic in recent years, and transformer-based networks have demonstrated superior performance by analyzing global semantic features. However, using transformers for pixel-level HSI classification has two limitations: ineffective capture of spatial-spectral correlations and inadequate exploitation of local features. To address these challenges, we propose a dual-dimension self-attention (D
²
SA) mechanism that fully exploits HIS's high spectral-spatial correlation by using two separate branches to model the global dependence of features from the spectral and spatial dimensions. Additionally, we develop a multilayer residual convolution module that extracts local features and introduces shallow-deep feature interactions to obtain more discriminative representations. Based on these components, we propose a dual-dimension spectral-spatial bottleneck transformer (D
²
S
²
BoT) framework for HSI classification that simultaneously models the local interactions and global dependencies of HSI pixels to achieve high-precision classification. By virtue of the D
²
SA mechanism, the introduced D
²
S
²
BOT framework can produce competitive classification results with a limited number of training samples on three well-known datasets, which we hope will provide a strong baseline for future research on transformers in the field of HSI.