A Demand–Supply Cooperative Responding Strategy in Power System With High Renewable Energy Penetration

Industrial demand response (IDR) plays an important role in promoting the utilization of renewable energy (RE) in power systems. However, it will lead to power adjustments on the supply side, which is also a nonnegligible factor in affecting RE utilization. To comprehensively analyze this impact while enhancing RE utilization, this article proposes a power demand–supply cooperative responding (PDSCR) strategy based on both day-ahead and intraday time scales. The day-ahead PDSCR determines a long-term scheme for responding to the predictable trends in RE supply. However, this long-term scheme may not be suitable when uncertain RE fluctuations occur on an intraday basis. Regarding intraday PDSCR, we formulate a profit-driven cooperation approach to address the issue of RE fluctuations. In this context, unreasonable profit distributions on the demand–supply side, would lead to the conflict of interest and diminish the effectiveness of cooperative responses. To mitigate this issue, we develop multi-individual profit distribution marginal solutions (MIPDMSs) based on satisfactory profit distributions, which can also maximize cooperative profits. Case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 24-bus system and an actual power system in China. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for enhancing RE utilization, via optimizing the coordination of IDR flexibility with generation resources.