Accuracy Analysis of Radiometric Calibration In-Orbit for SuperView Neo-2 SAR Satellite

The radiometric calibration technique of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aims to establish a constant relationship between the SAR target pulse response energy and the actual radar cross-section (RCS) of the ground. It is an essential technology for achieving quantitative observations of the Earth using radar. In this article, the process of in-orbit radiometric calibration campaign for the SuperView Neo-2 SAR satellite is introduced, which is the distributed X-band SAR satellite in the new generation of Chinese SiWei commercial remote sensing satellite system. More specifically, the initial step involves deriving the total transfer function of the SAR system using the radar equation and establishing a stable calibration constant model for the SAR system. Further, by using the obtained calibration constant to invert the RCS value of the corner reflectors in the Otog Banner calibration field, while validating and analyzing the absolute radiometric accuracy. Considering that the elevation antenna pattern (EAP) predominantly affects the consistency of image radiometric correction, the method of extracting EAP and beam center bias angle from the rainforest is presented. Finally, the quality validation of impulse response function is performed over the California calibration field, which can effectively guarantee the quality of SuperView Neo-2 SAR satellite products.