Cooperative Sensing of Non-Cooperative Beam Signals

The rapid development of beamforming technology poses new challenges for current spectrum sensing technologies which generally aims to detect omnidirectional signals. This paper proposes a two-stage sensing network for sensing non-cooperative beam signals, which mainly includes signal detection stage and beam distribution estimation stage. The initial stage involves sensing the existence of a solitary target beam signal. As the beam signal exhibits strong directionality, only a limited number of nodes within the sensing network’s beam signal range can detect it. Hence, we form a sensing network and propose a majority following minority confidence (MFMC) algorithm to enhance the sensing performance. The beam distribution estimation stage aims to estimate the beam distribution of the target signal with the proposed target beam pattern estimation (BPE) algorithm. The BPE algorithm combines the sensing outcomes from the initial step and utilizes the direction of arrival (DoA) data acquired by the edge nodes to approximate the beam distribution of the target beam. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MFMC algorithm in improving the fusion performance of sensing networks and the accuracy of the BPE algorithm in estimating the target’s beam distribution.