Prosthetic Limb Attachment via Electromagnetic Attraction Through a Closed Skin Envelope

Objective:
Current socket-based methods of prosthetic limb attachment are responsible for many of the dominant problems reported by persons with amputation. In this work, we introduce a new paradigm for attachment via electromagnetic attraction between a bone-anchored ferromagnetic implant and an external electromagnet. Our objective was to develop a design framework for electromagnetic attachment, and to evaluate this framework in the context of transfemoral amputation.
Methods:
We first used inverse dynamics to calculate the forces required to suspend a knee-ankle-foot prosthesis during gait. We then conducted cadaveric dissections to inform implant geometry and design a surgical methodology for covering the implant. We also developed an
in silico
framework to investigate how electromagnet design affects system performance. Simulations were validated against benchtop testing of a custom-built electromagnet.
Results:
The physical electromagnet matched simulations, with a root-mean-square percentage error of 4.2% between measured and predicted forces. Using this electromagnet, we estimate that suspension of a prosthesis during gait would require 33 W of average power. After 200 and 1000 steps of simulated walking, the temperature at the skin would increase 2.3 °C and 15.4 °C relative to ambient, respectively.
Conclusion:
Our design framework produced an implant and electromagnet that could feasibly suspend a knee-ankle-foot prosthesis during short walking bouts. Future work will focus on optimization of this system to reduce heating during longer bouts.
Significance:
This work demonstrates the initial feasibility of an electromagnetic prosthetic attachment paradigm that has the potential to increase comfort and improve residual limb health for persons with amputation.