Hydrogen as an Energy Vector: Use Cases and Modelling

For over a century, electricity has proven to be the most versatile energy vector. Nowadays, alongside it, hydrogen might be its best partner for a low-carbon future. In this paper, an insight into hydrogen production with the help of wind and solar energy is presented, along with potential use cases for several sectors (power, industrial and urban heat production). The main focus is represented by the concepts of PtX and its derivatives, with special attention to the Power-to-H
2
-to-Power (PtH2tP) and modelling options for it. Several options for the modelling of a so-called “hydrogen valley” are presented, together with the mathematical model developed by the authors of this paper which can be used with an optimization algorithm in the form of a mixed-integer linear problem.