Distribution System Restoration with Cyber Failures Based on Co-Dispatching of Multiple Recovery Resources

Improving the restoration efficiency of a distribution system is essential to enhance the ability of power systems to deal with extreme events. The distribution system restoration (DSR) depends on the interaction among the electric network (EN), cyber network (CN), and traffic network (TN). However, the coordination of these three networks and co-dispatching of multiple recovery resources have been mostly neglected. This paper proposes a novel DSR framework, which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The failures in cyber lines result in cyber blind areas, which restrict the normal operation of remote-controlled switches. To accelerate the recovery process, multiple recovery resources are utilized including electric maintenance crews (EMCs), cyber maintenance crews (CMCs), and emergency communication vehicles (ECVs). Specifically, CMCs and ECVs restore the cyber function of switches in cooperation, and EMCs repair damaged electric lines. The travel time of these three dispatchable resources is determined by TN. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework are verified on the modified IEEE 33-node and 123-node test systems.