Energy Planning and Utilization in the North Sulawesi Electricity System

Energy sector is one of the contributors to climate change besides forestry, environment, and transportation sectors. Then, the results of the COP 26 in Glasgow meeting states that Indonesia have a target to achieve Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060 if there is international support for funding and technology with some note that this project does not interfere with availability and affordability. In achieving the zero-emission target, the government is implementing five main principles, which include increasing the use of new renewable energy (NRE), reducing fossil energy, explore the use of electric vehicles in the transportation sector, increasing the use of electricity in households and industries, and utilizing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). In this paper several proposals can be made to further reduce production costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the North Sulawesi system compared to Electricity Supply Business Plan by PLN which is called RUPTL. Two additional scenarios can be used for the proposal, which are addition of geothermal, solar and pump hydro to replace coal power plant and construction of North Sulawesi interconnection with Central Sulawesi. From the simulation results of the cost and carbon emission analysis between three scenarios, the scenario from RUPTL is the cheapest in terms of cost at 3.295 billion USD and the interconnection scenario is the smallest in terms of emissions, with CO
2
emissions reaching 0 Mt.