Review on the State of the Art of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric Transportation Systems and the Applicability to Mobile Robots

This paper provides a review of energy storage systems (ESS) with bidirectional energy flow, as well as DC/DC interface converter systems. Initially, ESS from different applications in the field of transportation will be categorized to provide a better overview of possible systems that apply to mobile robot applications. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of each ESS are discussed. In addition, this paper will show whether state-of-the-art ESS developed for other applications can be implemented in mobile robot applications. Furthermore, future technological trends such as new types of capacitors, cutting-edge switches, and battery technologies will be presented.