Role of caffeine on psycho-motor vigilance: an n-of-1 holistic approach

Taken together, n-of-1 study design, wearable sensors and smartphone apps, and causal analysis have the potential to revolutionize drug development and patient care. In this n-of-1 feasibility study we utilized caffeine as a model of symptomatic treatment to test its influence on cognitive function while measuring various objective and subjective measures such as sleep, physical activity and vital signs, feeling of tiredness and mood by using two wearable devices and smartphone apps. The results illustrate the importance of this holistic approach to measure the impact of treatments on disease.