Power, Energy and Efficiency Experimental Characterisation of Different Based-Lithium Chemistries Batteries and Supercapacitors

The rapid expansion of electricity production from renewable energies, and the diffusion of electric mobility make the development of increasingly efficient and high-performance energy storage systems indispensable. Lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most widely devices today used for both stationary and vehicular application, they need to be characterised in terms of power, energy, and efficiency under various usage conditions. This paper presents the characterisation of some of today available based-lithium batteries and supercapacitors, through laboratory experimental tests. The various devices under investigation are systematically compared in terms of power and specific energy by using Ragone plots, highlighting the different operating conditions. Additionally, this paper also presents the evaluation of the efficiency for the examined devices by following an experimental procedure compliance with current industrial standards. It demonstrates how efficiency varies with significant variables, including State-Of-Charge (SOC), temperature, and usage profile.