Grid-Listening and Grid-Ringing: Alternative Concepts for Grid-Following and Grid-Forming within Power Systems Frequency Transients

The paper introduces the concepts of grid-listening and grid-ringing as alternative ways to interpret the classes of converter control commonly known as grid-following and grid-forming. The intrinsic nature of these two controls define their interaction within the frequency transients in power systems, and in particular with the disturbance propagation and the synchronization process. The grid-following interacts with the oscillations in the system just detecting them: for that, it can be regarded as grid-listening. The grid-forming interacts with the power-frequency oscillations contributing to them: for that, it can be regarded as grid-ringing. This conceptual revisiting is illustrated with a representative system, and further discussed with some examples on a benchmark power system.