Optimal Operation of a Semi-urban Network Integrating Electric Vehicles

Smart charging and vehicle to grid technologies have a fundamental role in the integration process of electric vehicles in distribution networks, in order to ensure safe grid operation while coping with electric vehicle needs. This paper is focused on a technical-oriented optimization procedure for the operation of a low voltage semi-urban grid involving electric vehicles, aiming at minimizing grid losses while taking into account line loading and bus voltage technical limits, using linear programming techniques. The study allows to inspect vehicle interactions within grid operation, considering different levels of penetration and stochastic samples of vehicle usage.