Cooperated Operation for Renewable Energy Community With Energy Storage Capacity Rental in the Frequency Regulation Market

The renewable energy community (REC) is a prosperous scheme to promote distributed renewable resources in the city and suburban areas. Although energy storage (ES) is essential to smooth the volatility of REs, it is costly for small-scale REC investing ES to increase its profits in the frequency regulation market (FRM). Thus, renting ES capacity is an alternative way to boost the development of REC. With rented ES capacity, there are three barriers: 1) the correspondence between the ES capacity rental mode and the frequency regulation mileage performance; 2) the cooperated operation method between REC and ES; 3) the uncertainties of renewables in the FRM. This article proposes an operation strategy for REC with rented ES capacity in FRM under renewable and price uncertainties. First, considering regulation capacity and performance prices, an FRM is modeled with regulation up and down services. Second, the ES capacity rental model is designed with normal rental mode and extra rental mode based on the low and high ratios between the mileage and capacity. Then, to unify the output of REC with capacity rental in FRM, a cooperated operation method is proposed considering the self-scheduled curtailment of renewables and the interaction between the renewables and ES. The total profits of REC are maximized with the uncertainties of REC output, loads and prices via the weighted sum of the value in multi scenarios. The proposed method is demonstrated with an REC and the results show that the total profits are enhanced by nearly 2 times with the proposed method.